Human Insecurity in T.S Eliots The Love Song of J....

Human Insecurity in T.S Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock T.S Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is an examination of human insecurity and folly, embodied in the titles J. Alfred Prufrock. Eliots story of a mans overwhelming question, his inability to ask it, and consequently, his mental rejection plays off the poems many ambiguities, both structural and literal. Eliot uses these uncertainties to develop both the plot of the poem and the character of J. Alfred Prufrock. The poems setting is one that conjures up images of vagueness. It is filled with yellow fog and yellow smoke, both of which suggest a certain denseness and haziness. Similarly, Prufrock is faced with another kind of mist - perfume†¦show more content†¦You is only featured in two distinct actions, being lead to an overwhelming question (ln. 10) and The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase(56). Both actions involve direct contact with others, in contrast with I who is far more introverted and introspective. This supports the idea of You being Prufrocks projected image, however, a vague you reflects Prufrocks own uncertainty. The ambiguity of certain words in the poem adds to the aura of indecisiveness. The evening is compared to a patient etherised upon the table. The word etherised means literally, to be anaesthetized; however it also suggests the word ethereal which means less real. The first definition implies a sense of numbness, while the second implies falseness; both are qualities that appear in the poem. The reference to being anaesthetized is reflected later on a description of the afternoon: The afternoon, the evening, sleeps so peacefully! / Smoothed by long fingers / Asleep...tired...or it malingers (75-77). This suggests that that sense of numbness saturates Prufrocks entire environment; it is also then coupled with the idea that this environment is also less real. Another word with dual meaning is in the lines the eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase / and when Im formulated, sprawling on a pin...(56-57). The word formulated is synonymous with prepared or planned the first time it is used, contrasting these eyes with Prufrocks own lack ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1386 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Love Song of T.S Eliot† In â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† the reader can clearly understand that T.S Eliot is straightforward as one can get within a poem. In the beginning of the poem, one can infer that Prufrock is being used as a facade to convey Eliot’s inner self who is an introvert that doesn’t quite fit in with the modern day society. â€Å"Prufrock† sees his personal life as a burden that he cannot mend while he tries to conform into the middle class society that everyone views asRead MoreA Competitive Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1014 Words   |  4 Pageswere T.S. Eliot who wrote his very well-known poem, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† (1915), and F. Scott Fitzgerald who wrote his famous novel, The Great Gatsby (1925). Both Eliot and Fitzgerald criticized the spiritual emptiness in their society by revealing their characters inability to communicate, to love, and to see the truth about their own lives. Eliot and Fitzgeralds characters are unable to communicate because of their spiritual emptiness. In T.S. Eliots â€Å"The Love Song of J. AlfredRead More T.S Eliot’s Preludes and The Love Song of J.Alfred. Prufrock, are examples1059 Words   |  5 PagesT.S Eliot’s Preludes and The Love Song of J.Alfred. Prufrock, are examples of modernist poetry which illustrate the concerns of modernist poets. Explain how the poetry you have studied reflects some of the major concerns of its context? In your answer refer closely to two poems by T.S. Eliot. T.S Eliot’s Preludes and The Love Song of J.Alfred. Prufrock, are examples of modernist poetry which illustrate the concerns of modernist poets. The modern era, which lasted between 1885 to 1940Read MoreWorld War I And The Great Depression1094 Words   |  5 Pageschange, and insecurities are things that humans may face. The reader can find the speaker relatable; Prufrock shows multiple sides to his character. In one way, Prufrock is trying to seem cool, calm, and collected; he wants the reader to think that he knows everything; however, the reader can tell that Prufrock is trying to be somebody he is not. Prufrock later lets his walls drop and he says that he has let â€Å"the moment of greatness flicker†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He is talking about his greatness; Prufrock wants hisRead MoreT.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prurock Analysis1162 Words   |  5 PagesT.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prurock Analysis In T. S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, the author is establishing the danger the narrator is having dealing with getting older. Prufrock is the narrator in this poem, and believes that age is a burden and is totally troubled by it. He feels the prime of his life is over and he cant love women the way he used to. His worry with the passing of time characterizes his fear of aging. The poem deals with these fears. In thisRead MoreArtistic Expression: Poems Speak to Emtions and Capture Feelings963 Words   |  4 Pagespossibilities. Instead being unchangeable poems are innately open to interpretation; they should be spoken out loud in order to be â€Å"heard†, convey truth and cause impact. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot is an extremely meaningful poem; it is one of Elliot’s best-known works and without a doubt a masterpiece (Hillis). T.S. Eliot introduces the poem with a quote from Dantes Inferno (XXVII.61-66), and with that sparks our curiosity. He then makes statements and questions that perhaps everyoneRead MoreEssay on T.S. Eliot Poetry Analysis1597 Words   |  7 PagesTill Human Voices Wake Us:and We Drown Analysis of T.S. Eliots Poem â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† and Till Human Voices Wake Us T.S. Eliots â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† embodies many of the different feelings of Americans during the Modernist movement. Prufrock was seen as the prototype of the modern man, it is through his character in this poem that T.S. Eliot shows how man felt insecure, how the new theories of psychology were changing the concept of the mind and how societyRead MoreEssay on T.s. Eliot And Society1454 Words   |  6 PagesMany of their pieces challenged tradition against new manners. The outlook of society changed from a moral perspective to fast times. Many people tended to look apart from average events that occurred in their daily lives to find greater reasoning. T.S. Eliot is considered to be one of the most prominent poets and playwrights of his time and his works are said to have promoted to â€Å"reshape modern literature† (World Book). He was born in 1888 in St. Louis, Missouri and studied at Harvard and OxfordRead MoreEssay Emotion in T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock1453 Words   |  6 PagesEmotion in T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock In his poem â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† T.S. Eliot subtly conveys a wide variety of Prufrock’s emotions; he creates pathos for the speaker by employing the â€Å"objective correlative,† which Eliot defines as â€Å"a set of objects, a situation, a chain of events [that] shall be the formula of that particular emotion† (â€Å"Hamlet and His Problems†). The first stanza introduces Prufrock’s isolation, as epitomized metaphorically byRead More`` Gold Glade `` And The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1811 Words   |  8 Pages Poetry, by its formal definition, describes intense literary work that expresses feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm. In poems such as â€Å"The Light Comes Brighter†, â€Å"Gold Glade†, and â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, poets used certain literary devices--such as imagery, personification, symbolism, and rhyme scheme--in order to develop an abstract but simultaneous concrete idea of their internal thoughts and emotions. In â€Å"Gold Glade†, Robert Penn Warren portrayed a

The Client Of A Mental Health Facility - 989 Words

The Client’s Right To Die A client that has expressed he has been suffering from severe bipolar disorder and his quality of life is so compromised by his illness that he logically and rationally chooses suicide, should be involuntary admitted to a mental health facility. As a counselor for the client it is ethically necessary to try to minimize harm where it is foreseeable and unavoidable (3.04, American Psychological Association, 2002). Subsequently, petitioning to have the client admitted to a mental health facility will serve as a means of trying to minimize harm to the client. According to Illinois law the client is a candidate for involuntary admission to a mental health facility because due to his illness he is reasonably expected to engage in dangerous conduct which places him in harm (405 ILCS 5/1 119). According to Illinois law, as a counselor of at least 18 years of age for the client and who has direct knowledge of the client’s desire to harm himself, I would present a petition for admit tance to a mental facility to the facility director (405 ILCS 5/3 601). The petition would include the descriptions of client’s symptoms of bi polar disorder such as his reports of terrifying and tormenting episodes of depressive psychosis as well as his feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Most important, the petition would also include his announcement that he has decided to commit suicide, rather than fight his recurrent mental illness. In addition to the reasonsShow MoreRelatedDoes Deinstitutionalization Increase Suicide? Written By Jangho Yoon And Tim A. Bruckner958 Words   |  4 Pages Bruckner. The reason I chose this article is because I am very interested in mental health and treatment of mental illness. The article focuses on public psychiatric hospitals deinstitutionalizing mental health patients into the community for public mental health care. A reason for deinstitutionalizing patients can be because of the amount of money that the facility could lose. In my opinion, mental health facilities prefer to admit patients with insurance or who are private pay compared to theRead MoreMental Illness Should Not Be Treated1598 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract People with mental illness seen by their primary care physician, will probably not be treated for their mental illness, but just for a medical condition. When a person with mental illness is admitted to a hospital for treatment; they need treatment for their mental illness during their stay. Treatment for mental illness should not just stop because you’re in an acute hospital setting. Many people that suffer from mental illness not only need mental health treatment but also need to treatRead More Social Workers in Mental Health Facilities and Outpatient Clinics 1487 Words   |  6 Pagesarea of social work, the area of Social Workers in Mental Health facilities and outpatient clinics stands out as an area of depth and interest. This field is important because it allows social workers to play an integral part in assisting patients, some of who have been kept in large inpatient facilities for vast periods of time, to become functioning and active members of society, as they deal with the task of managing their particular mental illness. It is stated on the NASW occupation profileRead MoreEssay On Diverse Organizations1448 Words   |  6 Pagesaim on discussing if I was to get hired how will I advocate change.   Organization  Ã‚   The organization that was chosen for the paper is Halifax Behavioral Services in Daytona Beach, Florida. They served adolescents from ages 2 to 17 years old. This facility is the only extensive center in Voulsia and Flagler counties that provide services for children dealing with emotional and behavioral problems. They offer inpatient, outpatient therapy, day treatment, and medication management as well as case managementRead MoreSoftware for Human Services1121 Words   |  5 PagesAdult Mental Health Services is an organization that services the mental health population. This population has continued to grow, and because of the increased turnaround in clients served the company had to invest in multiple software products. Electronic Health Record or (EHR) is one of the software programs that are used by Southern Nevada Adult Mental Health Services. This software is designed to be shared with several different health care providers or settings. The Electronic Health RecordRead MoreH ealth Care At The United States And Around The World863 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing on how clients should be housed and cared for in different healthcare environments. The demographic for Acute care applies with any individual regardless of age or condition while long term care facilities usually only apply for patients with similar conditions and the elderly. Americans who are seeking the best quality of the healthcare rely on the establishment with assistance from nurses and doctors to provide that top care. The intent for both care facilities also differ due toRead MoreProfessional Counselors For The State Of Alabama Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesof the counselor, describes counseling plans, discourages any form of discrimination, sexual intimacy with client or colleague and defines client rights. The confidentiality section describes client right to privacy, groups and families, minor or incompetent clients and consultation. The professional responsibility chapter describes professional competence, advertising and soliciting clients, credentials and responsibility to other professionals. The chapter on evaluation, assessment and interpretationRead MoreIntegrated Care Policy Proposal : Current Level Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pagesare honestly less than qualified management/administrators, program managers, nurses, caseworkers, house managers, VA liaisons (licensed clinical social workers). Since this setting is on the VA campus, clients have access to VA services if they qualify; case managers/case workers refer clients to outside agencies to receive services. The barrier to this is that only some veterans have access to services and benefits because they have a disability rating. Unfortunately receiving services and benefitsRead MoreThe Importance Of Quality Management For A Health Care Institution913 Words   |  4 Pages Quality management is an important aspect of making sure a facility is meeting their requirements of care, and adhering to the standards, they accept as part of being a health care institution.   No facility is exempt from interdisciplinary meetings, which are solely performed for the greater good.   Such meetings occur often within the senior care sector of health care, known as family-type homes for adults. These meetings are an amalgam of quality and risk management, to help keep elders safe,Read MoreMental Health Case Study1499 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many mental health facilities around the state and the country, being able to attend and observed in one was very difficult because of confidentially purposes. Many agencies I visited such as Catholic Charities, St. Mary Hospital behavioral health services, covenant house had turned me down not allowing me to have that exposure and visit in their organization. The agencies policies were strict, they had mentioned they will have to do a series of background checks and had to be enroll in

Design a variety of websites Essay Example For Students

Design a variety of websites Essay Aims It is my aim to make a profit out of designing and producing websites. I also hope that my web design business shall grow and expand so that I design a variety of websites. My final aim is for the business to survive, as the costs for a web design business are very low I consider it highly unlikely that this aim will be difficult to achieve. Objectives To make high quality and affordable websites. It would be extremely unrealistic to have a high market share as an objective when there are hundreds if not thousands of companies designing websites but I do aim to produce at least two high quality websites. Marketing Production Plan I plan to produce e-commerce websites (online shop). A typical price for such a website is i 100 including website hosting and a domain name. I plan to charge i 30 because unlike professional companies I do not have the facilities to offer services such as 24/7 customer care and hosting. I will just design the websites and shall not offer extra services. I do not aim to be competing with large firms offering web design, instead I shall be competing with other people who design websites and sell them on listing services such as eBay and Yalgo. com. Having recently looked through these two websites I have noticed that nobody else is offering web design that includes e-commerce. I shall design the sites using ShopFactory eFlash. Websites designed with this software look highly professional and attractive and the software is well known to be used throughout the internet industry. The pricing of 30 per website seems a fair. The costs are very low, rental for the computer and usage of the internet are the only real costs. The software has been downloaded for free so does not carry any costs. Each website will take around 4 or 5 hours worth of time to design and the customer will most likely want changes and adjustments made to it before it is made final so i 30 for the time spent making the website is the right price in my opinion. And when compared to the prices of professional web design firms  30 is extremely good value. Resources If the service of web design is listed on yalgo. com there is absolutely no cost. Listing on eBay does however carry a cost of 30p. Rental of the computer is 10p per hour including internet. 50% of payment for the website is taken before it is made and the remaining 50% once it has been finished. So the first 50% paid will help with costs of usage of computer and for the listing fee on eBay. eBay requires the 15p to be paid at the end of the month so there is quite a lot of flexibility regarding that expense.

Marketing Strategy and Plan Pizza and Halal

Question: Describe about the Marketing Strategy and Plan for Pizza and Halal. Answer: Part 2: SWOT Analysis Factors Expansion Strength Hygienic and healthy pizzas of Amigos pari pari are extremely popular to its customers. Customers can avail fast service and quick delivery of their foods The customers can avail wide ranges of pizza specialties like tandoori chicken, amigo special and meat lovers. Halal Pizzas are special attraction to the customers (Amigosparipari.com.au 2016). Leader in online and mobile ordering system attracts customers Options of customizing the topping are special attraction to the customers. Efficient and effective supply chain management helps in maintaining the image of the organization (Bernhardt et al. 2013). Weakness High calories and fat of the foods may not be healthy for health conscious people. The franchise management of the organization is not highly effective causing ineffective customer service Unavailability of skilled employees lack in providing innovative ideas towards new product launch The rate of employee turnover is extremely high due to lack of effective training and development program (Pettigrew et al. 2012). Opportunities Online and mobile ordering system enhance the efficient of home delivery option Product diversification in term of burgers and pizzas attracts different types of customers The organization is intended to introduce new flavored pizzas toppings as per the needs of specific regions. Pizzas are available in different sizes and customer can buy the pizzas as per their choice. Venture into new market Growing presence into new market like Brunswick West, Fitzroy North, Pascoe Vale and Moreland leads to increasing sales (Morley et al. 2013). Threats Intensive competition among the competitors like Dominos, Pizza Hut and McDonalds are creating huge challenge for the organization (Watson et al. 2016). Health conscious people are unwilling to buy the pizzas having high calories and fat. The increasing prices of specific ingredients like Cheese used in the pizzas are creating pressure on the organization. Table 1: SWOT Analysis of Amigos pari pari (Source: Smithers, Merlin and Lynch 2013) Marketing Objectives SMART Objectives Objectives Explanation Specific Amigos pari pari is intended to create effective promotional plan for expansion and recognition in the market. The organization has decided to expand in the market of Queensland, Brisbane, Tasmania and Gold Coast. In this way, they are also intended to change their promotional plan for attracting the customers in the new markets. Measurable The effectiveness of the promotional plan would be calculated through increasing rate of sales. Apart from that, the organization can also measure their promotional plan through the degree of market penetration (Jenkin et al. 2014). While, the organization would realize that their customers are likely to repeat their purchase in their stores, it would signify the effectiveness of the promotional plan. Achievable A series of market research would be arranged for the identifying the customer acceptance of the Pizza in the new markets. The organizations have huge number of dedicated and hardworking employees, who will be willing to achieve the organizational success (Pettigrew et al. 2013). Apart from that, sufficient amount of capital invested in the promotional plan will surely achieve the motto of the promotional plan. Realistic The employees of the organization are highly dedicated to their job role. Therefore, they would surely consider the organizational goal as their individual goal. The organization likes to expand their business in new markets for enhancing their sales. Therefore, revised and attractive promotional plan would surely attract the new customers by understanding their needs (Pettigrew et al. 2015). Apart from that, the achievement of organization goal would surely enhance the career goals of the individual employees. Therefore, they are more likely to achieve the organizational goals. Timely Amigos pari pari is has decided to achieve this objective within next 1 year. Furthermore, the organization is intended to achieve 50% of their goals within 6 months of the coming year. The organization would take the initiative of the promotional activities from now for enhancing their level of market penetration. Table 2: SMART Objectives of Amigos pari pari (Source: Jenkin et al. 2014) Target Market Factors Explanation Segmentation Demographic Age: 18-65 Income: AU$ 300- AU$ 350 Occupation: Student, Service Holders, Corporate officials Marital Status: Both Single and Married Psychographic People do not have much brand consciousness would be the customers of the organization, as it not have strong brand image. People having modern lifestyle would be the customers of the organization. Service and corporate holder, who have less time to invest in eating foods, would be the customers. They would be interested to buy such ready foods in their off time. People want to have healthier life would be the customers, as they always like of have hygienic foods. People having moderate lifestyle would be the customers and it is not customized for high-end customers. Behavioral People, who like to have discounts and offers in the product they buy would be customers of the organization. People, who want extra benefits from the foods they buy would be the customers of the organization. Target Both young and aged people would be the customers of the organization. Students and professionals, who like to have temporary foods in their off time, would like to have this Pizzas The hygienic pizzas would be customized for the healthy conscious people Both middle and upper middle class people would be the customers of the organization Corporate officials and other service holder having modern and sophisticated lifestyle would be under the target group of the organization Positioning Amigos pari pari is highly popular for its halal Pizza, which may not be available in other pizza stores. The prices of the pizzas are quite moderate and therefore, most of the middle class and upper middle class people can afford this pizza. Variety in the pizzas also attracts different group of people. The organization customizes the toppings of the pizzas as per the needs of the customers. It also provides pizza toppings as per the choice of the regions. Apart from that, the pizzas of this organization are available at online sites. Therefore, the customer can order their pizzas and get delivery of pizzas by sitting at their home. The pizzas are also available at different sizes and customers can choose any pizza as per their needs. Table: Target Market of Amigos pari pari (Source: Smithers, Merlin and Lynch 2013) Reference List Amigosparipari.com.au. 2016. Amigos Pari Pari, Coburg - Pizza Halal takeaway restaurant. [online] Available at: https://www.amigosparipari.com.au/ [Accessed 17 Oct. 2016]. Bernhardt, A.M., Wilking, C., Adachi-Mejia, A.M., Bergamini, E., Marijnissen, J. and Sargent, J.D., 2013. How television fast food marketing aimed at children compares with adult advertisements.PLoS One,8(8), p.e72479. Jenkin, G., Madhvani, N., Signal, L. and Bowers, S., 2014. A systematic review of persuasive marketing techniques to promote food to children on television.Obesity reviews,15(4), pp.281-293. Morley, B., Scully, M., Martin, J., Niven, P., Dixon, H. and Wakefield, M., 2013. What types of nutrition menu labelling lead consumers to select less energy-dense fast food? An experimental study.Appetite,67, pp.8-15. Pettigrew, S., Jongenelis, M., Quester, P., Chapman, K. and Miller, C., 2015. Dimensions of parents attitudes to unhealthy foods and beverages.Food Quality and Preference,44, pp.179-182. Pettigrew, S., Pescud, M., Rosenberg, M., Ferguson, R. and Houghton, S., 2012. Public support for restrictions on fast food company sponsorship of community events.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition,21(4), pp.609-617. Pettigrew, S., Tarabashkina, L., Roberts, M., Quester, P., Chapman, K. and Miller, C., 2013. The effects of television and Internet food advertising on parents and children.Public health nutrition,16(12), pp.2205-2212. Smithers, L.G., Merlin, T.L. and Lynch, J.W., 2013. The impact of industry self-regulation on television marketing of unhealthy food and beverages to Australian children.Medical Journal of Australia,199, pp.148-149. Watson, W.L., Brunner, R., Wellard, L. and Hughes, C., 2016. Sponsorship of junior sport development programs in Australia.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,40(4), pp.326-328.

L’oreal’s Way to Success in the European Haircare Products Industry Essay Example

L’oreal’s Way to Success in the European Haircare Products Industry Essay L’oreal’s Way to Success in the European Haircare Products Industry Introduction: L’oreal, the name of the cosmetics giant, appears with high frequency in nearly all world-class newspapers and magazines in recent times. There is a striking headline in the Independent (London, England) on Feb 21, 2004 p54, â€Å"LOreal builds on two decades of growth as profits soar. † The news is â€Å"Loreal has set its sights on notching up two decades of consecutive annual double-digit growth after reporting a 13. 5 per cent rise in profit last year. † Lindsay Owen-Jones, chairman, showed his confidence for the rate of internal sales growth next year. Maybe it is not too difficult for a company to rank first of its annual sales growth. But it seems a mystery for a company to keep its position of market-leader in the world with annual double-digit growth for 19 years and even more enigmatical for a company in the cosmetics industry. How can L’oreal compete against its rivals and gain today’s success? Let’s go back to 1997. At that time, L’oreal was the market leader in France and at the end of June, after considerable coordination between company headquarters and subsidiaries, Lindsay, stated the company’s new mission : Make L’oreal Elseve a leader throughout Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on L’oreal’s Way to Success in the European Haircare Products Industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on L’oreal’s Way to Success in the European Haircare Products Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on L’oreal’s Way to Success in the European Haircare Products Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Though shampoo was used by 83. 5% of the population, there was little brand loyalty and it was extremely difficult to create any. A widespread belief in Europe is that changing shampoos frequently was good for the hair because otherwise it would get used to a particular shampoo and the result would not be so satisfactory. The important reason is that shampoo is a product which can help L’oreal penetrate into all households by all kinds of people. Leadership in the shampoo could give L’oreal a considerable boost in its brand recognition and make it accessible to the young customers and males. The ardousness ahead of L’oreal was obvious. This article will base on L’oreal, the pilgrim’s progress, to analyze what critical success factors of L’oreal are to create its competitive advantage and how L’oreal has successfully sustained its advantage with the marketing strategy to underpin its position step by step in the European haircare market. Critical Success Factors of an Organization Critical Success Factors in General Johnson Scholes states (p. 151) that critical success factors (CSFs) are those product features that are particularly valued by a group of customers and, therefore, where the organization must excel outperform competition. † Hooley et al (1998, p. 45) thought that â€Å" The essential factors in choosing how to create the competitive advantage are that it must be on a basis of value to the customer (lower prices, superior quality, better service). ?Core Competences: Hamel and Prahalad (cited Lynch 2003, p. 235) said t hat â€Å"Core competence are a group of production skills and technologies that enable an organization to provide a particular benefit to consumers †¦. hey act as a fundamental resource of the organization. † Johnson Scholes (2002, p. 156) thought that the most important feature of core competence is robust, i. e. being difficult to imitate. The aim can only be obtained through the constant innovation. The following is the analysis of L’oreal’s critical successful factors. ?Resources Creating Competitive Advantage 1. Processes, Products, Services 2. Human Resources 3. Information 4. Financial Resources Porter (1985) suggests that the above four kinds of resources can create a competitive advantage and that cost leadership and differentiation strategies could be adopted. The analysis of L’oreal’s success will be illustrated as follows. L’oreal’s critical successful Factors ?Core competences: Constant research and innovation— the determinant of L’oreal’s competitive position 1. Historical analysis: L’oreal was founded in 1907 by the chemist Eugene Schuller, since then the Group carried on the tradition that put research at the centre of his development strategy. From the review of L’oreal’s history, it is obvious that result of research and innovation is the determinant of its competitive position. . 978: Elseve had a positioning as a shampoo for damaged hair and was seen as too rich, too nourish and too heavy to be used on a daily basis. But at this time, the frequency in the use of shampoos increased dramatically and shampoos which has the hasteristic of being gentle and mild enough to be used every day became more appealing to consumers. Timotei, Ultra Doux and MIxa baby a baby s hampoo became the market leader because it was as so mild that it can be used every day. When planning Elseve’s brand extension, L’oreal decided to offer separate products for frequent and less- frequent shampooing. This gave rise to products such as Elseve Baslsam, Elseve Frewuence, Elseve Volume Nd Elseve for oily hair. But the positioning has not made much improvement. 1987: Following a new product launched by Timoei, the market had its new trend: active ingredients were in fashion and products started to introduce natural ingredients. The Elseve products were renewed and L’oreal decided to target new market segments. The idea was to offer products for all types of hair, enriching the formula with a different active ingredient for each type of hair. 994: L’oreal developed a silicone-based formula which treated each stand of hair individually, leaving it very soft and easy to comb as it was thoroughly detangled. Consumers noticed this immediately and Elseve successfully enter the normal hair segment of the market. Thereafter, L’oreal profited from the advantage of polyesters and silicone. The successful combination of the two ingredients in the shampoo formula gave Lâ€⠄¢oreal a major advantage over its competitors and escalated its competitive position. 1995: The company launched Elseve Multicitamines and added the Technicare line to the Elseve product range. Elseve Multivitamines used a silicone-based formula that tested better than the composition of Procter Gamble’s silicone-based Pantene which at the time was the European market leader. Launching Elseve Multivitamines enabled Elseve to increase its target segments, addressing not only consumers with damaged hair or other hair care problems bur also people with normal hair. The new formula was the milestone of L’oreal’s shampoo battle. The innovation of research brought a series of good results: increase of sales and so did prices. The high revenue made it possible to increase the advertising budget, further increased its market share. Since then, with the leading position of the new skills and constant development as well as successful implementation of marketing strategy, L’oreal went steadily towards its No 1 position. 2. Panorama of Research Development in today’s L’oreal: The continuous innovation has helped L’oreal gain its competitive advantage and kept on escalation of its competitive position, from a French leader to be a European Leader and now the world leader. L’oreal regards research as the heart of the business. The investment in research is much higher than that of its rivals. 1)Delicate combination of Research and Marketing: a)A balance between the creative RD and marketing-led RD has kept L’oreal launching new viable products continuously. i. Advanced research: this is a long-term research with the aim of developing new ingredients, better understanding and improving the effectiveness of new ingredients and products as well as better understanding its toxicological effects. For example, marketers wanted a natural fruit-based shampoo range for the European market. It took 10 years of hard RD to develop the formulae for the Fructis range. L’oreal is reasonable to give scientist freedom to work on their long-term ideas. Ultimately, in July 1996 in France tests showed spectacular results of the Fructis range on the quality of hair. Within the first six months alone, it had sold nearly 5 million units and since then it has helped L’oreal capture 28 percent of the European shampoo market by being rolled out into not only European market but also in Scandinavia, Russia and Chile. On the health front, an International Safety Assessment Department of L’oreal looks in-depth at the toxicological profile of all the ingredients used and assesses the safety and tolerance of all formulations before they are used and put on the market. ii. Applied research: this level takes over ideas from both L’oreal’s own advanced research and from what has been done outside the company to refine new materials and put them into practice. It will take a long time to evaluate its effectiveness, its acceptance in use. For example, Research Institute in Chicago is dedicated to advanced research to improve understanding of the properties and specific requirements of the skin and hair of people of African descent.. 2)During the development work of new product, it is quite important of the researchers not lose sight of industrial reality. There more formal contacts between scientists and marketers which is unusual in other companies. Some formal meeting held usually including the contents such as: one day per month to discuss the progress of current projects; two or three meetings per year for the scientists to reveal their goodies to the marketers. )Renovating faster than competitors: In the hypercompetitive market conditions, it is no longer enough to plan for sustainable positions. In order to gain advantages, firms must be prepared to pre-empt imitation by others. With continuous launch of new products and brands, L’oreal hopes to make a strong and immediate impact on the market. ?Resources Creating Competitive advantages: Companies can add value by creating competitive advantage through the incremental management of the following resources. 1. Processes, Products , Services: )Selecting Raw materials and close relationship with suppliers: L’oreal pay much attention on the selection of the raw materials. With the aim of product safety and effectiveness, all the 2,800 raw materials used are continuously being renewed at a rate of 150 a year. The suppliers all over the world manage L’oreal to obtain the highest natural ingredients. L’oreal set out to promote and develop the use of raw materials from natural, renewable sources. In 2002, 39. 7% of their raw materials in volume terms came from plants. These new raw materials are the product either of LOreal Research or of research carried out by suppliers. A constructive ongoing dialogue with its suppliers plays an important role during the process. Using this diversified approach, progress has already been made in raw material selection. Partnerships allow them to establish a close, long-term relationship with suppliers based on innovation, safety and quality. 2)Reducing operating cost of products: It streamlines packaging, gains economies of scale in the aggressive management of the top performing brands. Elseve (Elvive, ElVital) shampoo bottles have been improved and now require almost 25% less material, which equates to almost 450 tons of polyethylene a year saved. In addition to this reduction, the indirect effects on transport and recycling are also minimized. 3)Address possible segments: L’oreal has made an elaborate and deep study so as to address possible market segments. It has divided up the total European market according to the geographic segmentation, age, gender, typology, nature of hair, washing frequency, and amount used (See Appendices 1 to 4). The aim of L’oreal is to â€Å"seeks to make accessible to women and men all over the world†. L’oreal launched the brand L’oreal’s Studio Line for men and P’tit Dop for children. 4) Market Targeting: L’oreal makes deep and thorough survey about the people’s attractiveness of different European countries. For example, Germany was more price-oriented than other countries, so using the strategy of price reduction can increase Elvital’s market share increased significantly. Another example is that Spain was the European country with the most greasy and least straight hair. The market accepted the introduction of new products that contained technological innovations. Natural ingredients were very well accepted. 5)Umbrella brand strategy: Competing with a number of different L’oreal brands enabled the company to position its products in more market segments and compete for market leadership by adding all together sales for its different brands. At the same time, product cannibalism was avoided by designing different positioning strategies: every single product invested in creating its own personality. )Broadest Distribution channels: L’oreal is able to make its most advanced technologies available to a large number of people. All the Group’s brands, particularly those whose purpose is to provide a wide group of people with the most innovative products at affordable prices, make the latest discoveries more accessible. 7)Communications Srategy: L’oreal’s communications strategy involves signing contracts with major intern ational stars from the world of show business and fashion to make them the spokespersons for specific items. In the UK, Jennifer Anniston, an actress on the leading TV sitcom â€Å"Friends† was chosen as the brand spokeswoman. Jennifer Anniston transmitted a modern, powerful image because she was a famous actress and very popular among generations aged 15 to 35. She was also very admired for her beautiful, stylish hair. The Ceramide R molecule , which was able to â€Å"Wash the strength back into your hair. † , was claimed by its advertising for the entire range in the UK. Delicate design of the advertising helped Elvive capture more than a 6% market share in 1997, and rose to 8% in the following year, making it the second –ranked brand on the market. Another example is about the leading brand Elvive. Elvive tries to capture the essence of pleasure using advertisements that sound tempting: â€Å"Because I’m worth it. †, says L’oreal. (Principle, Kotler, p. 459) 2. Human Resources: 1)Implement the best possible working conditions and try to make employee relations as personal as possible. 2)Recruit talented people from multicultural backgrounds and develop diversity. 3)Offer Sharing achievements: In 2003, LOreal paid a total of â‚ ¬43 million in bonuses under the WPS scheme for the 2002 financial year, equivalent to an average of two weeks salaray. 4)Motivate people, particularly through a highly dynamic approach to remuneration and mobility. )Promote personal and professional development through the training programs offered by the Continuing Education and by comparing experiences. 6)Developing partnerships with Universities: The Groups involvement with universities has been stepped up and it now maintains 120 close partnerships all over the world. These ta ke different forms, including: financial backing for chairs, such as those at Oxford (Business School) 3. Information Resources: Information is one of the most basic ingredients of a successful marketing strategy. (Keegan, p. 189) Another job for applied research mentioned above in L’oreal is to watch the competition. About 20 people in L’oreal do nothing else but surfing the web and getting hold of 1,000 new products of other companies. Between 700 and 800 of them are examined in minute detail. 4. Financial Resources: Strategy is influenced and constrained by the financial resources of a company. John Scholes said (p. 348), â€Å"The advantage of ‘deep pockets’ is that a competitor can withstand an intensive competitive war. The organizer can gain competitive knowledge worldwide and also move resources wherever they are necessary either to preserve their own interests or to tackle competition. L’oreal’s success in the European started after it created its competitive advantage in its financial resource. In 1995, the success of new formula allowed L’oreal to increase the price of Elseve products by 20%. Increased revenue meant that Elseve could spent more on advertising. This enabled Elseve to address more segments with differentiated messages, thereby further increasing its market share. The Marketing Environment Kotler et al (1997, p. 64) stated that â€Å"Managing the marketing functions would be hard enough if the marketer had to deal only with the controllable marketing-mix variables. The company operates in a complex environment (macro- and micro- )which consists of uncontrollable forces and actors which affect the company’s ability to perform well. Successful company is able to analyze its environment and so that it can avoid the threats and take advantage of the opportunities. ?The Macro-Environment This consists of a number of broader f orces that affect the company, which are largely uncontrollable, a new product or marketing program is likely to be more successful if it is in-line with strong macro environmental trends rather than opposing them. 1. Political: Political changes in the 1990s meant that almost all trading nations function with market –based economies and their trade policies have tended to encourage free markets between nations. (Johnson , p. 105) Governments are breaking up monopolies and introducing more pro-consumer legislation concerned with making the customer the ultimate decider on what will and will not to be produced. (Wright, p. 5) 2. Economical: With the adoption of the euro as a standard currency, many political boundaries will fall. By removing currency conversion hurdles, the switch will likely increase cross-border trade. (Kotler, et al , p. 59) 3. Social cultural/Natural: There is an increasing convergence of markets world. In some markets, customer needs and preferences are becoming similar 4. Technological: The fast development of technology is the key characteristic of environmental turbulence. It brings the high innovation turbulence. New technology creates new markets and opportunities and also ma kes markets and companies obsolete. ?The Micro-Environment: It includes the company itself, suppliers, customers, and competitors as well as public. The above analysis of L’oreal’s critical successful sectors has made relevant detailed statement. SWOT Analysis: Understanding the environment, taking good advantage of the opportunities and avoiding the threats are important elements of L’oreal’s success. SWOT analysis is useful for a good understand of L’oreal. Strength: L’oreal’s high speed of renovation (over 3,000 new formulas) and the absolute competitive advantage of technology provide solid barriers for the potential entrants to entry. Its products cover all possible segments. The aim of L’oreal is to â€Å"seeks to make accessible to women and men all over the world†. L’oreal is able to make its most advanced technologies available to a large number of people in all areas of products. All the Group’s brands , particularly those whose purpose is to provide a wider group of people with the most innovative products at affordable prices, make the latest discoveries more accessible. It can be said that L’oreal has managed to satisfy the desire of different segments of buyers. All these strength made it quite difficult to be substituted, at least provide the delay of being substituted. L’oreal is adept at continuously bringing innovation to the marketplace and maximizing the use of established brand names with new products targetd at these subsegments and niches. The advanced research result make many promising question marks become stars. Based on the solid financial resources, the stars will become cash cows as their markers mature. So many stars and cash cows of L’oreal shine actively in the world. Every product’s advantage is temporary, and will be eroded. However, long-term advantage of L’oreal maybe sustained through a series of temporary advantages. Weakness: L’oreal is present in 130 countries, has 290 subsidiaries. Because of social and cultural difference, it is not easy to make the management is efficient in each subsidiary. The large distribution may meet unexpected trade trouble because of political risks, such as loosing all control, ownership of assets and market access. (Bradley, p. 133) Opportunities: In 1995, the French haircare products market was saturated at that time. The success of the new fomula made L’oreal occupy the capability to enter the European market. The opportunities to enter the European market gave L’oreal a shot in the arm. Globalization and deregulation as well as the emerging of European Union speeded up the entry. In haircare industry product, customers’ needs and preferences of different countries are becoming more similar. The trend of healthy and shiny hair has gained popularity. All these opportunities offered L’oreal more space to develop. Threats: Facing powerful threat from world famous brands of Procter Gamble, Unilever etc, L’oreal has had to invest heavily in innovation. The Group has 3 percent of consolidated sales devoted to research, 2823 people engaged in cosmetics and dermatological research, 501 patents registered in 2002. By comparison, Procter Gamble, Unilever, spend only 1. 7 percent and 1. 5 percent respectively of their cosmetics turnover (which is 20 percent lower than that of L’oreal in any case. The threat can be low if L’oreal can keep on developing patents and launching new formulas faster than other Group. (Brassington Pettitt, p. 385) Conclusion: L’oreal’s opportunities outperformed the rivals’ threats and its weakness seemed much less important than its strength. The whole trend of environment is in favor of L’orealâ €™s progress. It can be convincible that L’oreal’s powerful core competence of constant innovation and flexible, efficient marketing strategy has forged and sustained L’oreal’s success and bring it a bright future. References: . Kotler, P. , and Armstrong, G. , 1997. Marketing: an Introduction. 4th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. 2. Wright, R. , 1999. Marketing: Origins, concepts, Rnvironment. 1st ed. London: Thomson Learning. 3. Doyle, P. , 2000. Value-based Marketing: Marketing Strategies for Corporate Growth and Shareholder Value. 1st ed. Chichester: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 4. Keegan, W, J. , 2002. Global Marketing Management. 7th ed. Person Education, Inc. 5. Bradley, F. , 2002. International Marketing Strategy. 4th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. 6. Brassington,F. , and Pettitt, S. 2003. Principles of Marketing. 3rd ed. Harlow: Pearson education limited. . 7. Kotler, P. et al . 2001. Principles of Marketing. 3rd European ed. Harlow: Pearson education limite d. . 8. Johnson, G. , and Scholes, k. , 2002. Exploring Corporate Strategy. 6th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. 9. Hooley, G. J. , et al. 1998. Marketing Strategy Competitive Positioning. 10. Porter, M. E. , 1985. Competitive Advantage. Free Press. 11. Prahalad, C. K. , and Hamel, G. , The core Competence of the Corporation. Harvard Business Review (May/June 1990), p. 79-91.

10 Tips for Taking Notes

10 Tips for Taking Notes 10 Tips for Taking Notes 10 Tips for Taking Notes By Maeve Maddox Winston writes: On my job, part of my responsibility is doing transcription. Often I attend scientific meetings and have to [take notes]. The notes/minutes are written as indirect quotes. Can you please give some guidance on taking meeting notes and minutes? The purpose of taking minutes at a meeting is to create a record that can be used later to verify what took place. Minutes need to be accurate, but they dont need to be lengthy. My suggestions are based on the idea that the notes are going to be handwritten. 1. Keep your notes together. Use a bound notebook like a school composition book. Loose sheets of paper are easy to lose and its easy to tear out the wrong page in a spiral notebook. 2. Have more than one pen or pencil with you. 3. Sit close to the podium or wherever most of the speaking will take place. 4. Have a clear idea of what you plan to do with the notes youre taking. The purpose of a conference-goer is not the same as that of a club secretary. 5. Take advantage of the kindness of others. For example, if youre taking notes for a club or a business meeting, pass around a sheet for attendance. Ask officers and members to give you copies of their reports and motions. 6. Follow the agenda. Begin by noting the place of the meeting and the time at which it begins. Take things down as they happen. You can always rearrange things in a more logical order when you type up your notes. 7. Write down the exact words for motions. 8. Write legibly. Write as fast as you can, but dont scribble. If you dont know shorthand, youll need to use your own symbols and abbreviations. Dont be too creative. What you meant by AGMP may not be so obvious the day after the meeting. 9. Be accurate. Spell everyones name correctly. If youre taking notes in a chemistry course, youd better get the names of the chemicals right. If necessary, buttonhole people after the meeting to double check on anything youre not sure of. 10. Type up your notes as soon as possible after the meeting. Cold notes are hard to decipher. Type them up the same day if possible. Bonus tip from Sharon in a previous DWT post. Here are some web sources that go into the subject in more detail: Taking notes at a business meeting Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" Latin Words and Expressions: All You Need to KnowIs "Number" Singular or Plural?

The Importance of I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings Essay

The Importance of I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings - Essay Example Angelou at first made a decision to create the autobiography because very few had been published for young African American girls in America. She aimed to show to her fellow people that in spite of the hindrances and the miseries they suffered, there was an overflowing wit and love to be felt and experienced in the African American society (Elliot 1989). Certainly, the narrative has a quite definite importance for young African American girls. This essay will attempt to provide an account of the importance of Maya Angelou’s highly celebrated autobiography. Oprah Winfrey, in her interview with Angelou in 1993, explained how significant the story was to her because she was able to see her own experience in the narrative (Megna-Wallace 1998). However, in spite of her novel objectives, Angelou discovered that when she started writing the narrative her audience and thoughts transformed (Megna-Wallace 1998): â€Å"I saw it was not just for black girls but for young Jewish boys and old Chinese women† (p. xii). The fame of the autobiography survives not merely because it keeps on being instructive on subjects of gender and race, but also due to its complete story of survival. This importance of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings deals with the general and specific components of the autobiography of Angelou. It starts with an emphasis on the literary components of the narrative: its main themes, setting, plot, genre, perspective, and others. This literary importance sketches the journey of Angelou from a timid, anxious, and lonely girl to an adolescent who endures countless frustrations and pains and becomes known as a self-sufficient and confident young woman. The importance of the narrative involves particular topics raised by the story and the specific historical event it depicts. An importance such as this presupposes that a literary piece like I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is a vibrant tale of not only a single

EGT3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EGT3 - Essay Example This type of economic regulation may prevent competition in the market. Industrial Regulation has an impact on various entities. For national firms which operate in a monopolistic or oligopolistic market, regulation is a boon. Regulation helps in the development and growth of these industries. An example could be companies working in oil and power sector. Regulation is also beneficial for small and mid size industries which would find it tough to survive in the absence of regulations because of intense global competition and the realization of economies of scale by big international firms. An example is small and mid-size firms in Textile manufacturing. Industrial Regulation has negative impacts on multi-national firms who want to expand their businesses internationally but are constrained due to regulation. An example is regulation on FDI in retail in several sectors. Regulation is also harmful for consumer as a whole in certain sectors where competition would actually reduce prices. However, in sectors mentioned above such as drugs and ammunition, regulation is useful for society as a whole. (Joskow,Rose). Social Regulation implies the restrictions imposed by the government in order to prevent or prohibit harmful corporate behaviour such as environmental pollution and occupational health hazards or to promote desirable behavioral patterns. Social regulation has an impact on almost everybody. This includes the corporate, end-consumers, shareholders and the environment. The corporate have to adhere to certain standards to be in business which have attached costs in the short run. The end-consumers are positively affected as social regulation leads to a better holistic environment. A monopoly is a form of market in which almost all the sales in the market go to a single firm. A natural monopoly is a situation constrained by technology or costs in which it is optimal for the entire production to be done by a single firm.

Psychology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology - Assignment Example For her, it was Mr. Cotton who raped her and she believed that with all of her conviction. Our schema is such that once we think something, that memory has a tendency to remain unchanged. Jennifer made her choice, and in the subsequent trial, was so sure Mr. Cotton was the rapist that she exhibited physiological symptoms that further accentuated her belief that he was the one. I believe that Mr. Cotton was wrongly accused as well because his face was one from which Jennifer got to choose. As our schema influences what we look for in any given situation, Mr. Cotton just having a mug shot for her to look at must mean he was a criminal and therefore the one who attacked her. This only furthered her belief that he was the right choice. I think this story shows that no matter how hard we try to get it right, our brain may have different ideas. We have a preconceived idea of how things should work and how things interact with each other in our world, and once we make a decision, we tend to believe in it, no matter who tries to change our mind. Unfortunately for Mr. Cotton, the jury having been told that Jennifer had positively identified him as her attacker was a further nail in his coffin. They believed that she hadn’t made any mistakes, and so their memory when they got back to the jury room was that he must be the one, he was identified as such.

Principles Of Crop Science Environmental Sciences Essay

Principles Of Crop Science Environmental Sciences Essay The increasing population of the world has led to great issues dealing with demand and supply. This in turn leads to advancements in various scientific and cultural techniques to use the limited available resources in an effective way. The alarming issue in the recent days like urbanization, scarce area for agriculture, limited availability of resources and food security has led to development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to resist against pest and weeds. Among various issues coming up, this paper mainly discusses about the major crop management practices to improve crop for high yield and profit which is equally as important as GMOs. Crop management practices There are various methods of crop management practices, varying according to the types of resources used, climate and various other natural factors that involves the type of management to choose. Crop management involves growing crops on a massive scale, by involving methods like tillage, crop rotation, inter cropping, culling, composting, pest control and weed management, effective resources capture, irrigation techniques and hybridization. Few of the major management techniques are discussed below. Weeds, Pests and Disease control The European Weed Science Society defines weed as any plant or vegetation, excluding fungi, interfering with the objectives or requirements of people. Reduction of crop yield is the major reason for attempts to reduce weed population in arable crops. The first attempts at controlling weeds used manual labour and hand-hoeing which, at present days is a time consuming process. Thus a major development was the development of herbicides (Naylor, 2002). The worldwide efficacy in controlling weed (68%) was considerably higher than the control of animal pests or diseases (39% and 32%, respectively). The continuous use of herbicide and pesticides led to the appearance of resistant biotypes of weeds and pests, playing major role in contamination of the environment [2]. In the recent days the integrated weed management (IWM) approaches plays a vital role as they incorporate multiple tactics of prevention, avoidance, monitoring and suppression of weeds, undergirded by the knowledge of agro ecosystem biology. The development of IWM was motivated by a desire to provide farmers with systematic approaches to reduce reliance upon herbicide and retard the selection of herbicide-resistant biotypes. [5] Worldwide, pre-harvest and post-harvest losses to insects, weeds, and plant pathogens are estimated at 45 percent additional losses can be attributed to vertebrate pests. Selection of resistant varieties, rotation crops, crops for inter plantings and cover crops is important for successful crop production with minimal inputs of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Studies say that the use of pesticides has not solved the pest problem completely and in the past 50 years, insecticide use has increased tenfold, while crop losses from pest damage have doubled. Thus still there are studies being carried on pest control. The natural methods of control is more preferable for three major reasons like cost, safe to people and safe to environment also has no side effects. [4] Pests and diseases impact on crop yield and quality, and also reduce resource-use efficiency. Improved crop protection strategies to prevent such damage and loss can increase production and make a substantial contribution to food security. (Advances in plant disease and pest management, J. A. LUCAS,2010) Irrigation technique Irrigation is the method of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and rejuvenation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. The basic principle of irrigation is to help plants on evapo-transpiration process which plays a vital role in transportation of nutrients from soil to any part of the plant. In simple words it is expressed as More water supply More transpiration More CO2 More dry matter More yield More Profit There are various types of irrigation techniques varying upon the climate, nature of soil, nature of vegetation. In general, the goal is to supply the entire field uniformly with water, so that each plant has the amount of water it needs, neither too much nor too little. The earliest methods of irrigation were the perennial, basin and the terrace irrigation and the recent days developments were the sprinkler (gun sprinkler, portable solid-set sprinkler, pivot systems, side-roll sprinkler etc) and micro irrigation (drip irrigation). The type of irrigation technique plays a major role in the crop yield. But each irrigation systems have its own limitations and thus it is very important to choose the most suitable irrigation technique for particular variety of crop, after studying its various properties on its growth and development. For example, a study made in the western United States corn belt showed variation in the yield differing between the pivot and surface irrigation. Therefore choosing the right way of irrigation method is also an important way of crop management [3] 2.3. Resource capture The principle of resource capture is to provide a framework through which the productivity of vegetation can be analysed through the capture and conversion of environmental resources. The most basic resources that a plant would obtain are from the atmosphere and soil. The plants obtain carbon dioxide, light, temperature, and humidity from the atmosphere, whereas obtains water and other mineral nutrients from the soil. So resource capture is classified as the above ground and below ground resource capture. The crops depend on light for growth and depend on day length and temperature for its development. In the below ground resource capture, key natural resource which provides the most essential forms of nutrients for the plants growth which is associated with the integrated effect of management on most properties of soil that determines the sustainability and crop productivity is the soil. Good soil quality not only produces good crop yield, but also maintains environmental quality and consequently plant, animal and human health.. Growing of crops one after another without giving due consideration to nutrient requirement has resulted in decline in soil fertility, especially of nitrogen. Studies say that Zero- or reduced tillage crop production practices, coupled with proper residue management can maintain or improve soil organic matter and has the potential to substantially increase long-term crop production in semi-arid rain fed regions. [1] Conclusion Naylor, [1] Long-term soil management effects on crop yields and soil quality in a dryland Alfisol K.L. Sharmaa,*, Uttam Kumar Mandala, K. Srinivasa, K.P.R. Vittala, Biswapati Mandalb, J. Kusuma Gracea, V. Ramesha , Soil Tillage Research 83 (2005) 246-259 [2] Advances in weed management strategies C.M. Ghersaa,*, R.L. Benech-Arnoldb, E.H. Satorreb, M.A. Martà µÃƒâ€šnez-Ghersaa, Field Crops Research 67 (2000) 95 ±104 [3] High-yield irrigated maize in the Western U.S. Corn Belt: II. Irrigation management and crop water productivity Patricio Grassinia, Haishun Yangb, Suat Irmakc, John Thorburnd, Charles Burre, Kenneth G. Cassmana,à ¢Ã‹â€ -, Field Crops Research 120 (2011) 133-141 [4] Some agrometeorological aspects of pest and disease management for the 21st century Joyce Fox Strand, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 103 (2000) 73-82 [5] Targeting the farmer decision making process: A pathway to increased adoption of integrated weed management R.S. Wilson a,*, N. Hooker e, M. Tucker d, J. LeJeune c, D. Doohan b, Crop Protection 28 (2009) 756-764

Essay --

When Osama Bin Laden was killed by US Navy Seals in May 2011, strategists of the world took notice . While this incident was of great importance to an apparently stagnant global war on terror, the fact that the mastermind behind the insurgent juggernaut al Qa’ida was able to hide inside a supposed ally’s borders is of far graver concern. Regardless if Pakistan was complicit in or ignorant of Bin Laden’s sanctuary, Pakistan proved they are incapable of policing their borders to a level that satisfies the world community. US intelligence officials estimate Pakistan has anywhere from 110-200 nuclear weapons . According to George Tenet, â€Å"the most senior leaders of al Qa'ida are still singularly focused on acquiring WMD [weapons of mass destruction].† Allowing an insurgency with nuclear ambitions to flourish is inexcusable. As the war in Afghanistan winds down, the insurgent threat in the region is not going away. Irregular conflict will continue a nd the area where the US and its allies need to pay particular attention is Pakistan. Our strategy should be a globally unified effort to strengthen the Pakistani security structure while removing any potential source of an insurgency. To combat the likely difficulties in implementing this strategy we must focus on not limiting our strategic goals, embrace unity of effort as the only means to winning, and we must remain flexible in an unknown future. There are a number of obstacles that threaten to make implementing such a strategy either ineffective or impossible. Professor Colin Gray from the Centre for Security Studies at the University of Hull discussed such sources of difficulty in 1999. He argued three reasons as to why it is â€Å"difficult to do strategy well:† First, its very na... ...ture is to accept that it is unknown, and focus the unified effort on the worst possible scenario. In the case of Pakistan, that worst case scenario is obvious: insurgents getting a WMD. This nuclear threat might be the catalyst that drives competing agencies to look beyond their differences towards a very clear and common goal. Gray concludes his article with this reminder to future strategists: â€Å"You do not have to win elegantly; you just have to win.† If our strategists remained focused on â€Å"winning† we can hopefully hinder the inevitable difficulties in doing strategy well. If we do not let the difficulty of such a lofty goal limit our strategic goals, if we use the dire consequences of failure to force competent unity of effort and we don’t let an unknown future distract us from the primary goal, it is entirely possible that we can indeed â€Å"win† in Pakistan.

Corporate Environmental Responsibility: the Performance of Cadbury

Nowadays, more people tend to focus on environment issues of corporation because they are the main factors of causing pollution to the earth and impact to the ecological system. Cadbury is the world fourth biggest manufactory of chocolate, it had done a seriously rainforest destruction as a result of their business requiring large amount of raw materials that are collect from natural resources (Cadbury's Shareholders Find Palm Oil Leaves a Bitter Taste 2004). This essay examine the performance of Cadbury and how they dealing the problems with raw materials as well as the effect on the environment and stakeholders. Cadbury used to be a small beverage shop in 1824, after merging with Schweppes to form Cadbury Schweppes, it acquire more companies after that and today it became one of the largest confectionery company ( history of Cadbury n. d. ) and also one of the largest multi-national corporation (business service industry 2008). The starting main purpose of Cadbury is not creating new brand that people love but is to raise the shareholder value and they already succeed in achieving this purpose twenty years ago (Cadbury Schweppes 2004). After that they have just started to change their business target to create new brand that people love. Cadbury detected that there is a rare bacteria named â€Å"Salmonella† affecting numbers of their product and it is believe due to the leaking pipe, but they are not paying attention to this serious matter. Eventually, Cadbury was prosecuted because of countering health and safety legislation in the year 2007 and was fined 1 million pounds for their irresponsible performance which is also definitely effect the profit of stakeholders(Defying a Reputational Crisis – Cadbury’s Salmonella Scare: Why are Customers willing to Forgive and Forget? 009). Today, Cadbury franchise such as India, USA, Canada have treated CSR as the key to the success of business comparing to the past; they believe that the responsible for environment, health and safety are very important to minimize the impact of environment, It is also important that they can become a profitable and effective company by this way and they will surely proud of what they have done (CSR helps businesses keep ta bs on environmental, social impact 2010). In order to fulfil society needs, Cadbury continuously launched 23 kinds of chocolate and keep improving their quality to the best from the year 1865 until today. Besides, Cadbury is the first company to provide pictures on the product instead of printing text on the product. There are also many special event held by Cadbury such as giving away some souvenirs products and also a redeem event for their customer to get further item by purchasing their products. (History of Cadbury n. d. They also certified their chocolates as Fair-trade products by labelling it on the products to decrease the public pressure (Cadbury goes Fairtrade2009). Impact on Environment Since manufacturing chocolate require large amount of raw materials, Cadbury discover palm oil is the most basic and cheapest secret ingredient to make chocolate instead of using cocoa butter which require higher cost. Unfortunately, this lead to the serious deforestation problem that not only effected the environment but also man y animals is killed. New Zealand's Auckland Zoo is the place where the primary deforestation took place and this was considered as a threat to most of the wild life that inhabited in that area especially Orangutan, they have became â€Å"the orphans of the palm oil† because most of their parents are killed during the deforestation(Palm oil costs Cadbury trusted title 2010). Auckland Zoo has also stop stocking Cadbury’s chocolate anymore to express their protest. (Auckland Zoo bans Cadbury chocolate due to palm oil content 2009). Auckland Zoo also organise an organisation in Facebook which is â€Å"Anti Palm Oil Community (APOC) â€Å"to focus the serious of the deforestation issue which destroy 300 rugby fields every hour(APOC). Besides, in order to meet the production target, the company always hired a lot of worker but those workers that are working in the palm oil are often poorly treated. Cadbury has an† Ethical Trading Policy† but they have totally neglect the importance of environment and the human rights issue (Cadbury's Shareholders Find Palm Oil Leaves a Bitter Taste 2004). Cadbury also claim that the palm oil they used is â€Å"green and sustainable† as they have their own certificate system, but they have just pretend to use 2,800 tonnes of palm oil which is recorded in the certificate instead of the actual amount of 40,000 tonnes of palm oil. (Green wash of the week: Cadbury’s ‘green palm oil’ claim 2009)They are ignoring the severity of environment impact they have done, just to emphasize on their profit; the stakeholders also faced a serious losses from this case. One of the serious problem that environment faced is the global warming and it is caused by the widen hole of atmosphere. According to the scientific research, every single litre of milk produce approximately 900g of Carbon dioxide. Carbon trust is having a carbon footprinting project and discovered that more than 60% of the Carbon dioxide is produced by the Cadbury’s dairy cows farm(We've had drumming gorillas, now Cadbury takes on burping cows 2009). Cadbury’s dairy cows farm play the most important role in this incident as the cows produced 80~120kg of methane per year which is similar as a family car and was release to the atmosphere that eventually widen the hole of atmosphere. This methane emission is actually produced with the burps of the cows due to the incorrect diet. (Cadbury to curb methane emissions from burping dairy cows 2009)They did not pay attention for their animals as raising animals required a lot of effort by adjusting the stay and diet of the animals. Cadbury’s intension overcome environment issues Cadbury’s plan to replace cocoa butter with palm oil has caused a serious damage to environment and also a lot of complain by consumers as palm oil is a complex and unhealthy ingredient. In order to fulfils their Environment, Health and safety policy they have no choice but to cut down adding palm oil into chocolate. The deforestation that took place at Auckland Zoo has also caused the company’s reputation to drop. (Cadbury dumps palm oil after consumer protests 2009)With the cut down usage of palm oil, they believe it could at least, save their reputation from dropping too much. Dealing with the climate change is also one of their target improvements in environment. Cadbury has announced that they have 17% reduction of water consumption by improving their manufacturing progress in the year 2006 which is also act in concert with the World Water day (Cadbury Reduces Water Consumption by 17 Percent 2009). Cadbury eventually launch a strategy plan â€Å"Purple goes green† in the year 2008 and set their target to reduce unnecessary consumption while producing chocolates especially to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide by 50% in the year 2020. They have successfully in achieving part of their target within a year with reducing the usage of packaging and the emission of carbon dioxide; they have also successfully saved 4 millions litre of water per year (Cadbury-Purple goes green 2008). For the next two years, they have a further target which is to ensure the packaging they used is 60% biodegradable. Besides, Carbon dioxide that produced with the burps of the cows is also a serious problem that destroys the environment. Cadbury has already worked together with the dairy farmer to figure out a better way to reduce carbon footprint from the milk chocolate (Cadbury’s works to reduce bovine emission 2009). They provide dairy farmers a guild to lower the emission through scientific research by changing the diet of cows to a balance nutritional. It is believe it will definitely reduce the emission problem by 50% in the year 2020 which is also part of their â€Å"Purple goes Green strategy†. (Cadbury Partners with Dairy Farmers to Reduce Carbon Footprint 2009). Packaging is also one of the factors causing impact to environment. Cadbury has worked hard to figure out a better way of packaging their products to minimize the impact to environment. Their target is to achieve 100% biodegradable by 2010 and they have co-operated with plantic technologies limited since 2002. (Responsible packaging 2007)Plantic do a lot of research at the research centre to invent a better biodegradable and non-toxic materials to advance the packaging technologies. Cadbury has replaced the roses tin with cardboard box and successfully made a brand new packaging production for Christmas and seasonal gifts (chocolate swallows millions of our dollars in an easter eating frenzy 2010) which not only reduce the weight by 45% but also saved 200 tonnes of steel. (Cadbury replaces Roses tin with cardboard box 2009)In the year 2008, Cadbury has awarded the best green packaging for its new product- Eco-eggs, with the special wrapping style as the products only used very limited materials to complete. Cadbury has successfully decreased the usage of plastic material by 247 tonnes and cardboard by 115 tonnes in the year 2008 for packaging their products. (Cadburys-‘Eco-eggs' 2008)In this case, Cadbury has successfully proved their effort of saving the environment by achieving their â€Å"Purple Goes Green† target and this is also helping the stakeholders to gain more profit. Cadbury also carry out an environmental research with Earthwatch in the year 2005 in order to have a better understanding as well as improving the quality of cocoa in Ghana. Their research focus on the quality of cocoa and try to invent a better way for farming cocoa bean in Ghana with increasing number of farmers in order to get the best production(Cadbury n. d. ). Cadbury not only provided financial support but also get itself involved in this research to show their intension upon improving environment issue. Concluding remarks Cadbury’s social improvement is obviously, although they did wrong sometime because they have placed profit as the most important role in business . From New Zealand's Auckland Zoo case, it has reflected Cadbury only concentrate on their profit but neglect the most importance issues which is how society will treat them and this has caused Cadbury’s reputation to drop. Besides, even they have discovered that a rare bacteria is affecting their products, they did not pay attention to the serious matter which is possible to become a threat to health. As a result, they neglect the importance of environmental issues and caused serious damage to environment such as deforestation and also confronting the social protest. However, Cadbury’s intension on improving the environment aspect of their business is strong and with wised planning, they have been doing this for almost a century. With the â€Å"Purple goes green strategy† and the reduction of carbon dioxide emission, water usage and packaging materials usage, they have shown their dedication on improving environment issues, trusting that achieving the environment, health and safety policy are the keys to the succeeds of business, not only just becoming a profit-oriented company but also become a environmentalist company. References http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0712-auckland_zoo_palm_oil.html http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0817-cadbury_nz.html http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/press_releases/cadburys_shareholders_find_20052004.html http://www.environmentalleader.com/2009/03/31/cadbury-reduces-water-consumption-by-17-percent/ http://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/13811-Cadbury-Partners-with-Dairy-Farmers-to-Reduce-Carbon-Footprint

Free Essays on Romeo And Juliet And West Side Story

The Parallels of Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story In the world today, problems exist due to common differences. The two plays, Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story, show conflict between people because of who they are, where they are from, and what they look like. In the two above-mentioned plays, the story lines show how people and groups can cause grief and sorrow toward one another. The characters also show how people can overcome their differences because of a common cause. When Romeo arrives at Juliet’s tomb, he finds her dead, when in actuality she took a drug to make it seem like she was dead. She awakens to find that Romeo has poisoned himself because he though Maria had truly died. When Juliet awakens she is overwhelmed by Romeo’s death and stabs herself with a dagger. The two families, the Capulets and the Montagues, realize what they did to each other and reconcile. West Side Story parallels Romeo and Juliet in the scene where Tony is running around the courtyard yelling for Chino to kill him. Tony and Maria spot each other and immediately start running towards each other. Chino arrives and shoots Tony; he later dies in Maria’s arms. The two gangs reconcile and assist each other in carrying Tony’s body away. These two scenes were the climax of the two plays, which was the most interesting scene to me. In both plays, the two main male characters die. Romeo dies by a poison he obtained because he could not live without Juliet. Tony is frustrated with Chino, Maria’s brother, because he would not let them see each other. Chino could not get past their love and ends up killing Tony. In the plays, one female character kills herself and the other lives. Juliet awakens to find her true love dead; this is too much for Juliet and she cannot live without Romeo, so she takes her own life with a dagger. As Maria sees Tony die, she does not kill herself. Maria realizes she knows things will get... Free Essays on Romeo And Juliet And West Side Story Free Essays on Romeo And Juliet And West Side Story The Parallels of Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story In the world today, problems exist due to common differences. The two plays, Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story, show conflict between people because of who they are, where they are from, and what they look like. In the two above-mentioned plays, the story lines show how people and groups can cause grief and sorrow toward one another. The characters also show how people can overcome their differences because of a common cause. When Romeo arrives at Juliet’s tomb, he finds her dead, when in actuality she took a drug to make it seem like she was dead. She awakens to find that Romeo has poisoned himself because he though Maria had truly died. When Juliet awakens she is overwhelmed by Romeo’s death and stabs herself with a dagger. The two families, the Capulets and the Montagues, realize what they did to each other and reconcile. West Side Story parallels Romeo and Juliet in the scene where Tony is running around the courtyard yelling for Chino to kill him. Tony and Maria spot each other and immediately start running towards each other. Chino arrives and shoots Tony; he later dies in Maria’s arms. The two gangs reconcile and assist each other in carrying Tony’s body away. These two scenes were the climax of the two plays, which was the most interesting scene to me. In both plays, the two main male characters die. Romeo dies by a poison he obtained because he could not live without Juliet. Tony is frustrated with Chino, Maria’s brother, because he would not let them see each other. Chino could not get past their love and ends up killing Tony. In the plays, one female character kills herself and the other lives. Juliet awakens to find her true love dead; this is too much for Juliet and she cannot live without Romeo, so she takes her own life with a dagger. As Maria sees Tony die, she does not kill herself. Maria realizes she knows things will get...

Chasidim and Old Order Amish A Comparison essays

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South Texas Behavioral Health Center Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Future of Nanotechnology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

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CityLab Academy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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American rangelands and forests Essay Example for Free

American rangelands and forests Essay Part 1 Choose either a rangeland or a forest of the United States and describe current federal management strategies. Explain federal efforts to manage these lands sustainably by completing the chart below. Rangeland or Forest Location Brief History of Rangeland or Forest What are current land management problems? What are the current federal land management strategies that address these problems? What is one sustainable effort that should be implemented? American Rangeland or Forest: San Bernardino National Forest San Bernardino Forest The San Bernardino Forest was born in 1907 after the forest reserve act was passed in 1891. The forest has a history of mining and prospecting in the past. The roads during the winter. Trees are dying off at a fast rate causing a high chance for forest fires. Insects are damaging the trees at a fast rate. The Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) program is trying to stop the damage that burnt areas causing. The run off hurts fish, wildlife, and many other things that are important. Ecological Restoration plan. It will take over stewardship of the land for the next 15 to 20 years. They need to sell some of the land for mining as it has a history of mining and prospecting in the past. Part 2 Take your information from Part 1 and use it to create a Sustainability Plan. Your sustainability plan should present what, when, and how something is to be sustained and maintained now and into the indefinite future. Your plan can be submitted in a narrative or table format. The Corporation for  National and Community Service (n.d.) provides the following list of components that make up a sustainability plan that should be included in your paper or table: 1. Action items: Provide the items or activities that need to be addressed or that need to occur. Refer to the following example: My plan for sustaining clean air in my community is to develop an education program about air pollution-generating activities and their effects, schedule a presentation day and time, invite community participants, and research the effects of air pollution. 2. Order of action items: Discuss how the action items in Step 1 will align or occur. One event or activity should occur before another; thus, order the items into steps similar to the following: 1) Research the effects of air pollution. 2) Develop an education program. 3) Schedule a presentation day and time. 4) Invite the community. 3. Action steps: Explain how you are going to conduct the action items. How are you going to make each item or activity happen? Include individuals or groups who will help you conduct these activities. Use the following as a guide: In order to schedule a presentation day and time, I will attend next month’s community homeowner’s association (HOA) meeting and request permission from the board to add it to the following month’s agenda. 4. Timeline: Estimate when you are going to conduct the action items, such as â€Å"In months 1–3, I will complete the research.† If an item or activity does not have a specific conclusion time, indicate that it is ongoing. The following is a sample of how you might incorporate your sustainability plan into a table format—keep in mind this is an incomplete plan: Action Items (in the correct order) Action Steps Action Steps Research and identify the effects of air pollution. Review environmental websites and journals. Document the sources of air pollution and both environmental and health effects of air pollution. Document video interviews of environmental researchers and facilitators. Month 1–3 Develop an education program about air pollution effects. Develop a presentation about why this program is needed and include air pollution’s ill effects, the lifestyle changes that will be required, and the benefits and challenges of change. Month 1–3 Schedule a presentation day and time. Attend a monthly HOA meeting to present the benefits of the program. Request that the HOA board add the presentation to the following month’s agenda. Document the audio and visual equipment needed for presentation and layout of the room. Month 4 Identify and invite community participants. Tally the number of homes in the community. Create and distribute flyers to homes announcing the next HOA meeting and the educational program that will be introduced. Month 4–5 Blank Sample Action Plan Action Items (in order) Action Steps Timeline Anybody who wants to join groups that wants to save the San Bernardino Forest. We will talk about information on saving the forest; newsletters, and other ways of keeping people informed. We need to set regulations and rules to help preserve the forest. We have many laws and Government groups (Baer) that need our help and support. I feel that education will be the most important tool. People always want to get involved we just have to give them a chance. If they know what to do if something is wrong it could save the forest. 1 – 5 months Education will be the most important for everybody that works or visits the forest. If we want to keep the forest in good condition we have to educate all people that work and visit the park what causes damage and how to keep the forest safe. If people know how to save the forest they will. We need to make sure all laws are posted up all over. We need to make sure that people know the benefits of keeping the forest in good condition. 6 – 9 months How to preserve the forest. We need to inform all entering the San Bernardino forest why it is important to protect the forest. The forest is very important to way of life and the future of our kids. It will help with air quality and the clean water. We need to cover fire safety. 1 year How to take action We need to take action and make sure we implement Government plans and the plans as a group that we came up with. We need to take care of the insect problem with safe pesticides that don’t hurt the wildlife and fish. The future Be a good steward Follow up on all the plans and make sure we take the lead as a group. We need to see if the plans we made are making a difference and cleaning up the burnt trees and the insect problem. Follow up References www.fs.usda.gov/sbnf/ Corporation for National Community Service. (n.d.). Sample sustainability plan. In Toolkit for program sustainability, capacity building, and volunteer recruitment/management (Section 4). Retrieved from http://www.nationalserviceresources.org/filemanager/download/online/sustainability_plan.pdf.